Wednesday, January 4, 2023

福音怎样传给外邦人呢?How was the Gospel First preached to the Gentiles?

那么是福音怎样传给外邦人呢?

在使徒行传中,我们读到有外邦人改信神了。



(一)

在使徒行传 8:26ff 中,腓利在从耶路撒冷到加沙的路上得到一个异象,向埃提阿伯(即古实)太監传道。这埃提阿伯人显然是一名改信神的外邦人……


(二)

然后在使徒行传 10:1ff 中,彼得也得到一个异象,向该撒利亚的百夫长哥尼流传道(他也是外邦人归信神的人)。结果记录如下:

使徒和在犹太的众弟兄听说外邦人也领受了神的道。 (使徒行传 11:1)


(三)

在使徒行传 11:19ff 中记载:

19 那些因司提反的事遭患难四散的门徒直走到腓尼基和居比路,并安提阿;他们不向别人讲道,只向犹太人讲

20 但内中有居比路和古利奈人,他们到了安提阿也向希腊人(Hellenists )传讲主耶稣(有古卷作:也向说希腊话的犹太人传讲主耶稣)。

21 主与他们同在,信而归主的人就很多了。

由于 v20 原文没有具体说明希腊人是说希腊语的犹太人,还是说希腊语的外邦人。我们不能从这节经文得出任何结论。如果他们是外邦人,那么他们很可能被安提阿的教会所吸引。

但同一词 (Ἑλληνιστής Hellenistes G1675) 在使徒行传 6:1, 13:29 中使用,编辑/翻译者(例如 LEB、HCSB、NASB)在那里将其解释为“说希腊语的犹太人”。


(四)

在安提阿教会的5位先知和教师中,有一位名叫尼结的西面(Simeon, called Niger),这个昵称可能表明西面是:

① 中东的犹太人,但他肤色较深,或

② 可能是非洲犹太人,例如埃塞俄比亚犹太人,或 

③ 可能是非洲人 血统,因为拉丁词的意思是“黑色”。在这种情况下,他可能是外邦人。


(五)

对于第一次宣教旅程和第二次旅程的前部分,尽管使徒们在外邦的土地上往来,但他们总是先在会堂里布道。 (徒13:5, 14)

福音首先传给犹太人,然后绕道传给附近的外邦人。然而,当保罗和巴拿巴被犹太人同胞拒绝时,他们在优先次序上采取了调整:“保罗和巴拿巴放胆说:神的道先讲给你们原是应当的;只因你们弃绝这道,断定自己不配得永生,我们就转向外邦人去。因为主曾这样吩咐我们说:我已经立你作外邦人的光,叫你施行救恩,直到地极。” (使徒行传 13:46-47)


How then was the Gospel to be preached to the Gentiles?


(1)

In an earlier chapter in Acts, we read that proselytes were reached.

In Acts 8:26ff Philip got a vision to preach to the  Ethiopian Official (a eunuch) on the road from Jerusalem to Gaza.  The Ethiopian was obviously a Gentile proselyte.


(2)

Then in Acts 10:1ff, Peter also got a vision to preach to  Cornelius, a centurion in Cesaria ( who also was a Gentile proselyte). And the outcome was recorded as follows:


The apostles and the brothers and sisters who were throughout Judea heard that the Gentiles had also received the word of God. (Acts 11:1)


(3)

in Acts 11:19ff, it was recorded that: 

19 Now those who had been scattered because of the persecution that took place over Stephen traveled as far as Phoenicia and Cyprus and Antioch, proclaiming the message to no one except Jews alone.

20 But some of them were men from Cyprus and Cyrene, who, when they came to Antioch, began to speak to the Hellenists also, proclaiming the good news about the Lord Jesus.

21 And the hand of the Lord was with them, and a large number who believed turned to the Lord.

As v20 did not specify whether the Hellenists were Greek-speaking Jews or Greek-speaking Gentiles. We can not draw any conclusion from this verse. If they were Gentiles, then most likely they were attracted to the church in Antioch. 

The same word Hellenists (Ἑλληνιστής  Hellēnistēs G1675) is used in Acts 6:1, 13:29, where the editors/translators (eg LEB, HCSB, NASB ) interpreted there as "Greek-speaking Jews".


(4)

In the Antioch church, among the 5 prophets and teachers, there was a Simon (Simeon) who was called Niger,  the nickname could be an indication that Simeon was 

① a Jew of the Levant, but with a darker complexion, or 

② perhaps, an African Jew, eg Ethiopian Jew, or 

③ perhaps, of African descent, as the Latin term means "black". In which case, then he could be a Gentile.


(5)

For the first missionary journey and the first part of the Second Journey, though the apostles were going around the Gentile lands, they would always preach in the synagogues first. (13:5, 14)

The Gospel was first preached to the Jews, and by-passing to those Gentiles close by. However as Paul and Barnabas were rejected by fellow Jews, they adopted the adjustment in their priorities:  “It was necessary that the word of God be spoken first to you, since you reject it and do not consider yourselves worthy of eternal life! Behold, we are turning to the Gentiles!    Paul and Barnabas were very aware of his calling, that the lord had said:  "I have appointed you to be a light for the Gentiles, that you would bring salvation to the end of the earth." (Acts 13:46-47)


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